Scripture: Exodus 7–12
God sends ten plagues on Egypt, including the Nile turning to blood.
Leiden I 344, the 'Admonitions of Ipuwer', describes chaos in Egypt and includes the line 'the river is blood'. It is popular online as an Egyptian record of the plagues. Most Egyptologists date its composition centuries earlier than any proposed Exodus date and read it as a literary lament about social disorder, a known Egyptian genre.
